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Compare South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2003) - Christmas Island (2001)

Compare South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2003) z Christmas Island (2001)

 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2003)Christmas Island (2001)
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich IslandsChristmas Island
Administrative divisions - none (territory of Australia)
Age structure - 0-14 years:
NA%

15-64 years:
NA%

65 years and over:
NA%
Agriculture - products - NA
Airports none (2002) 1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Area total: 3,903 sq km


land: 3,903 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Shag Rocks, Black Rock, Clerke Rocks, South Georgia Island, Bird Island, and the South Sandwich Islands, which consist of some nine islands		 total:
135 sq km

land:
135 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than Rhode Island about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC
Background The islands lie approximately 1,000 km east of the Falkland Islands and have been under British administration since 1908, except for a brief period in 1982 when Argentina occupied them. Grytviken, on South Georgia, was a 19th and early 20th century whaling station. Famed explorer Ernest SHACKLETON stopped there in 1914 en route to his ill-fated attempt to cross Antarctica on foot. He returned some 20 months later with a few companions in a small boat and arranged a successful rescue for the rest of his crew, stranded off the Antarctic Peninsula. He died in 1922 on a subsequent expedition and is buried in Grytviken. Today, the station houses scientists from the British Antarctic Survey. The islands have large bird and seal populations, and, recognizing the importance of preserving the marine stocks in adjacent waters, the UK, in 1993, extended the exclusive fishing zone from 12 NM to 200 NM around each island. Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement was begun by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. The phosphate mine, closed in 1987, was reopened four years later, but the need for an alternative industry has spurred investment in tourism. Old mining areas are being restored, and almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park.
Birth rate - NA births/1,000 population
Budget - revenues:
$NA

expenditures:
$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Capital - The Settlement
Climate variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds
Coastline NA km 138.9 km
Constitution adopted 3 October 1985 Christmas Island Act of 1958
Country name conventional long form: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands


conventional short form: none		 conventional long form:
Territory of Christmas Island

conventional short form:
Christmas Island
Currency - Australian dollar (AUD)
Death rate - NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external - $NA
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina; administered from the Falkland Islands by a commissioner, who is concurrently governor of the Falkland Islands, representing Queen ELIZABETH II; Grytviken, formerly a whaling station on South Georgia, is a scientific base territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina) none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina) none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international briefly occupied by military force in 1982 - claimed by Argentina in constitution but declares it will no longer seek settlement by force none
Economic aid - recipient - $NA
Economy - overview Some fishing takes place in adjacent waters. There is a potential source of income from harvesting finfish and krill. The islands receive income from postage stamps produced in the UK, sale of fishing licenses, and harbor and landing fees from tourist vessels. Tourism from specialized cruise ships is increasing rapidly. Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened by union workers. With the support of the government, Australian-based Casinos Austria International Ltd. built a $34 million casino on Christmas Island, which opened in 1993. As of yearend 1999, gaming facilities at the casino were temporarily closed but were expected to reopen in early 2000. Another economic prospect is the possible location of a space-launching site on the island.
Electricity - consumption - NA kWh
Electricity - production - NA kWh
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
NA%

hydro:
NA%

nuclear:
NA%

other:
NA%
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Paget (South Georgia) 2,934 m		 lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Murray Hill 361 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Ethnic groups - Chinese 61%, Malay 25%, European 11%, other 3%, no indigenous population
Exchange rates - Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.7995 (January 2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997), 1.2773 (1996)
Executive branch - chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general

head of government:
Administrator William Leonard TAYLOR (since 4 February 1999)

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia
Exports - $NA
Exports - commodities - phosphate
Exports - partners - Australia, NZ
Fiscal year - 1 July - 30 June
Flag description blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a shield with a golden lion centered; the shield is supported by a fur seal on the left and a penguin on the right; a reindeer appears above the shield, and below it on a scroll is the motto LEO TERRAM PROPRIAM PROTEGAT (Let the Lion Protect its Own Land) the flag of Australia is used
GDP - purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - real growth rate - NA%
Geographic coordinates 54 30 S, 37 00 W 10 30 S, 105 40 E
Geography - note the north coast of South Georgia has several large bays, which provide good anchorage; reindeer, introduced early in the 21st century, live on South Georgia located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean
Highways - total:
140 km (not including 100 km that is maintained by private industry)

paved:
30 km

unpaved:
110 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports - $NA
Imports - commodities - consumer goods
Imports - partners - principally Australia
Independence - none (territory of Australia)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)
Infant mortality rate - NA deaths/1,000 live births
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - NA%
International organization participation - none
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 2 (2000)
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch - Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court
Labor force - NA
Labor force - by occupation - tourism 400 people, mining 100 people (1995)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen) (1998 est.)		 arable land:
NA%

permanent crops:
NA%

permanent pastures:
NA%

forests and woodland:
NA%

other:
NA%

note:
mainly tropical rainforest of which 60%-70% is in a national park
Languages - English, Chinese, Malay
Legal system the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply; the senior magistrate from the Falkland Islands presides over the Magistrates Court under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law
Legislative branch - unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve one-year terms)

elections:
last held NA December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2001)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9
Life expectancy at birth - total population:
NA years

male:
NA years

female:
NA years
Location Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South America Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia
Map references Antarctic Region Southeast Asia
Maritime claims exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM		 contiguous zone:
12 NM

exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
3 NM
Merchant marine - none (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK defense is the responsibility of Australia
National holiday Liberation Day, 14 June (1982) NA
Nationality - noun:
Christmas Islander(s)

adjective:
Christmas Island
Natural hazards the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Natural resources fish phosphate
Net migration rate - NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Political parties and leaders - none
Political pressure groups and leaders - none
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: the small military garrison on South Georgia withdrew in March 2001, to be replaced by a permanent group of scientists of the British Antarctic Survey, which also has a biological station on Bird Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited (July 2003 est.)		 2,771 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 7.77% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Grytviken Flying Fish Cove
Radio broadcast stations 0 (2003) AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 1,000 (1997)
Railways - 24 km to serve phosphate mines
Religions - Buddhist 55%, Christian 15%, Muslim 10%, other 20% (1991)
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: NA


international: coastal radiotelephone station at Grytviken		 general assessment:
NA

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth stations - one Intelsat earth station provides telephone and telex service
Telephones - main lines in use - NA
Telephones - mobile cellular - 0 (1999)
Television broadcast stations 0 (2003) NA
Terrain most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau
Total fertility rate - NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate - NA%
Waterways none none
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